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[接上页] ARTICLE 10 Supplementary provisions on limits of liability 1. The carrier and the passenger may agree, expressly and in writing, to higher limits of liability than those prescribed in Articles 7 and 8. 2. Interest on damages and legal costs shall not be included in the limits of liability prescribed in Articles 7 and 8. ARTICLE 11 Defences and limits for carriers' servants If an action is brought against a servant or agent of the carrier or of the performing carrier arising out of damage covered by this Convention, such servant or agent, if he proves that he acted within the scope of his employment, shall be entitled to avail himself of the defences and limits of liability which the carrier or the performing carrier is entitled to invoke under this Convention. ARTICLE 12 Aggregation of claims 1. Where the limits of liability prescribed in Articles 7 and 8 take effect, they shall apply to the aggregate of the amounts recoverable in all claims arising out of the death of or personal injury to any one passenger or the loss of or damage to his luggage. 2. In relation to the carriage performed by a performing carrier, the aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier and the performing carrier and from their servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment shall not exceed the highest amount which could be awarded against either the carrier or the performing carrier under this Convention, but none of the persons mentioned shall be liable for a sum in excess of the limit applicable to him. 3. In any case where a servant or agent of the carrier or of the performing carrier is entitled under Article 11 to avail himself of the limits of liability prescribed in Articles 7 and 8, the aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, or the performing carrier as the case may be, and from that servant or agent, shall not exceed those limits. ARTICLE 13 Loss of right to limit liability 1. The carrier shall not be entitled to the benefit of the limits of liability prescribed in Articles 7 and 8 and paragraph 1 of Article 10, if it is proved that the damage resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with the intent to cause such damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that such damage would probably result. 2. The servant or agent of the carrier or of the performing carrier shall not be entitled to the benefit of those limits, if it is proved that the damage resulted from an act or omission of that servant or agent done with the intent to cause such damage, or recklessly and with knowledge that such damage would probably result. ARTICLE 14 Basis for claims No action for damages for the death of or personal injury to a passenger, or for the loss of or damage to luggage, shall be brought against a carrier or performing carrier otherwise than in accordance with this Convention. ARTICLE 15 Notice of loss or damage to luggage 1. The passenger shall give written notice to the carrier or his agent- (a) in the case of apparent damage to luggage- (i) for cabin luggage, before or at the time of disembarkation of the passenger; (ii) for all other luggage, before or at the time of its re-delivery;(b) in the case of damage to luggage which is not apparent, or loss of luggage, within 15 days from the date of disembarkation or re-delivery or from the time when such re-delivery should have taken place. 2. If the passenger fails to comply with this Article, he shall be presumed, unless the contrary is proved, to have received the luggage undamaged. 3. The notice in writing need not be given if the condition of the luggage has at the time of its receipt been the subject of joint survey or inspection. ARTICLE 16 Time-bar for actions 1. Any action for damages arising out of the death of or personal injury to a passenger or for the loss of or damage to luggage shall be time-barred after a period of 2 years. 2. The limitation period shall be calculated as follows- (a) in the case of personal injury, from the date of disembarkation of the passenger; (b) in the case of death occurring during carriage, from the date when the passenger should have disembarked, and in the case of personal injury occurring during carriage and resulting in the death of the passenger after disembarkation, from the date of death, provided that this period shall not exceed 3 years from the date of disembarkation; (c) in the case of loss of or damage to luggage, from the date of disembarkation or from the date when disembarkation should have taken place, whichever is later. 3. The law of the court seized of the case shall govern the grounds of suspension and interruption of limitation periods, but in no case shall an action under this Convention be brought after the expiration of a period of 3 years from the date of disembarkation of the passenger or from the date when disembarkation should have taken place, whichever is later. 4. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 of this Article, the period of limitation may be extended by a declaration of the carrier or by agreement of the Parties after the cause of action has arisen. The declaration or agreement shall be in writing. |